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In general, following are excluded from Patent protections:

• Scientific theory, a discovery and mathematical methods.
• Schemes, rules or methods, such as those for doing business, performing purely mental acts or Playing games.

• Methods of medical treatments for humans or animals or diagnostic methods. Plants, Animals other than micro-organisms.
• Computer programs per se (allowed in US)
• An invention the use of which would be contrary to law or morality or injurious to public health.
• A new use of a known substance or known process is not patentable. Similarly, a new use of a Known machine or apparatus is also not patentable.

• A substance obtained by a mere mixture resulting only in a mere collection of the properties of the components cannot be patented.
• The mere arrangement or rearrangement or duplication of known devices, each functioning Independently of one another in a known way.

• A method of agriculture or horticulture.
• An invention relating to atomic energy.

However, it may be noted that the aforesaid exclusions are not sweeping as they appear at first sight.

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